Polarization State Modulation Based on Phase Singularities Utilizing a MoS ₂ ‐Based Single‐Port Resonance System

ABSTRACT

Optical elements for polarization control, including polarizers and waveplates, are crucial for quantum optics, sub‐diffraction imaging, and biomedical sensing. Polarization state modulators based on metasurface enable miniaturized, ultrathin, and highly integrated optical components; however, their geometry‐encoded functionality limits multifunctional integration. Here, a single‐port Fabry‐Pérot cavity resonance system is designed based on atomically thin MoS ₂ supported on a ZnO/SiO ₂ /Si substrate, which enables significant reflective phase modulation arising from phase singularities. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that monolayer MoS ₂ supported on a ZnO(30 nm)/SiO ₂ (300 nm)/Si substrate can convert 45° linearly polarized incident light into 0° linearly polarized reflected light, circularly polarized reflected light, and a highly linearly polarized reflected state with a polarization orientation of 135°, depending on the incident angle and operating wavelength. Through appropriate control of structural parameters, including film thickness and incident angle, this resonant system can realize three polarization functionalities, acting as a linear polarizer, a quarter‐wave plate, and a half‐waveplate. The operating wavelength range, degree of linear polarization, and degree of circular polarization are systematically analyzed. This MoS ₂ ‐based resonant system features a simple structure and versatile polarization modulation capabilities, providing guidance for the design and fabrication of planar integrated optical components.