Plasma VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, and Asprosin Levels in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is marked by endothelial dysfunction and disrupted glucose metabolism. VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 drive vascular repair, while asprosin contributes to insulin resistance. Objectives: This study explored the association of these biomarkers in individuals with poorly controlled T2DM. Methods: The study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 60 age-matched healthy controls (45–65 years). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured using a Roche Cobas Integra 400 Plus analyzer. Serum levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, and asprosin were quantified using ELISA. Results: T2DM patients exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, and asprosin compared with controls (p < 0.001). Asprosin showed significant correlations with both VEGF-A and VEGFR-2. Additionally, VEGF-A and asprosin were strongly associated with glucose levels, whereas no meaningful correlation was observed between these biomarkers and the overall duration of diabetes, BMI, and lipid profiles, except for a modest association observed between VEGF-A and duration of disease. Conclusion: VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, and asprosin levels were elevated in T2DM patients, reflecting their roles in angiogenesis and metabolic dysregulation. Poor glycemic control further increased these markers, highlighting the importance of effective glucose management to mitigate related complications.