Plasma Parameters in Jupiter's Magnetosheath From Nine Years of Juno Observations

Abstract

The Jovian magnetosheath plays a key role in modulating the interaction between the solar wind and Jupiter's magnetosphere. It also serves as a natural laboratory for studying fundamental plasma processes, such as turbulence, magnetic reconnection, and kinetic instabilities. Here, we introduce a data set of magnetosheath proton plasma properties derived from 9 years of Juno JADE‐I observations, including plasma density, temperature, and 3‐D bulk velocity. Covering both the equatorial dawn sector and the mid‐to‐high latitude dusk sector, the data set consists of 443 magnetosheath intervals longer than 1 hr. In total, it contains 233.2 days of observations and 317,719 data points, spanning from Juno's arrival at Jupiter to the end of the first extended mission. An overview of the data set and related statistical properties is presented to demonstrate its effectiveness and usefulness. The magnetosheath flow drapes around the magnetopause and accelerates as it moves tailward. The dawn sector plasma exhibits lower density and temperature but higher velocity than the dusk sector. These differences may result from local time effects, variations in distance from the subsolar magnetopause, and/or solar cycle modulation. This data set has strong potential to advance our understanding of Jupiter's magnetosheath through a wide range of future applications.