Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Andrographis Paniculata with Nano Translation

Abstract

(Andrographis paniculata [A. paniculata]) is an important medicinal plant recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties. The plant contains diterpenoid lactones, particularly andrographolide, along with flavonoids and polyphenols that contribute to its pharmacological activities. Experimental studies have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory effects through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. However, the clinical application of andrographolide is limited by poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. Recent advances in nano-enabled drug delivery systems, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and phytosomes, may improve stability, absorption, and therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, safety profile, translational challenges, and emerging formulation strategies of A. paniculata, highlighting its potential as an evidence-based phytopharmaceutical agent.