Phytochemical Profiling and Multitargeted Biological Activities of Crinum asiaticum L. var. anomalum Baker Leaf: In Vitro and In Silico Insights

This study investigates the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of Crinum asiaticum L. var. anomalum Baker from Vietnam. Phytochemical screening identified diverse secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the n-hexane fractions revealed 19 major compounds. While all extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity, the chloroform fraction exhibited superior antidiabetic potential via α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 83.13 ± 6.67 µg/mL). Furthermore, at non-cytotoxic concentrations (3.13 to 50 µg/mL), this fraction effectively rescued mouse β-TC6 insulinoma cells from thapsigargin. In anti-inflammatory assays, the n-hexane fraction significantly suppressed nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 = 53.12 ± 1.63 µg/mL). Notably, the extracts displayed remarkable selective anticancer activity, particularly the chloroform fraction against HeLa cervical and HepG2/Huh-7 hepatoma cell lines. In silico ADMET and Lipinski’s Rule of Five analyses confirmed that the key bioactive constituents possess favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-likeness. These findings demonstrate C. asiaticum L. var. anomalum Baker as a promising natural source for developing multitarget therapeutic agents against inflammation, diabetes, and cancer.