Phytochemical Analysis of Thottea duchartrei Leaf Extract Using High‐Resolution LC–MS/MS and Evaluation of its Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory and Antibacterial Efficacy

The natural products have demonstrated the ability to modulate oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms, underscoring their significance as templates for safer and more economical drug development. Plant‐based natural products continue to represent a crucial source for the discovery of novel anticancer agents with potential relevance in therapeutic development. Traditional knowledge surrounding the medicinal use of Thottea duchartrei , a member of the Aristolochiaceae family, suggests its therapeutic potential, warranting a comprehensive evaluation of its bioactive constituents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial properties of T. duchartrei methanol leaf extract. High‐resolution LC–MS/MS analysis elucidating the presence of several bioactive constituents, including quercitrin, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, etc. The results indicated that the methanol extract of T. duchartrei exhibited in vitro DPPH scavenging (92.18 ± 4.01 µg/mL), ABTS scavenging (40.46 ± 1.68 µg/mL) and FRAP (11.11 ± 0.12 µg/mL) activities. The anti‐inflammatory activity of the T. duchartrei extract was also evident in RAW 264.7 macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Likewise, the antibacterial efficacy of the T. duchartrei leaf extract was also evident against various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. This study provides evidence supporting the ethnopharmacological relevance of T. duchartrei by demonstrating its rich bioactive profile and biological activities. Overall, the study suggests the potential of T. duchartrei as a promising natural source for the future development of safe, cost‐effective phytotherapeutics; however, further studies, including in vivo research, are needed to validate these findings.