DOI: 10.1039/d6ja00334f ISSN: 0267-9477

Physics-guided spectral stabilization and physical-sample-level cross-validation for quantitative LIBS of loose copper concentrate powders

Qingsong Zhang, Yanlong Guo, Yangmeng Guo, Xinrong Ma, Marek Sikorski, Duixiong Sun

PGSS converts variable LIBS shots into repeatable material spectra with complete-material holdout validation. Cu I 521.82 nm-M1R gives 0.7894/0.8980 wt% LOO/L2O RMSEP, 24.6%/20.5% below conventional baselines, supporting pellet-free screening.

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