Physicochemical Properties and Fluoride Release of Compomer Materials Modified with Silver and Copper Oxide Particles

Background: Compomer materials combine the advantages of composite resins and glass ionomer cements, including fluoride release, durability, and aesthetics. This study evaluated the effects of silver nanoparticles (nAg0) and copper oxide (CuO) particles on fluoride ions release and the structural properties of a commercially available compomer. Methods: Compomer discs modified with 0.125 wt.%, 0.25 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.% nAg0 or CuO were prepared and analyzed in demineralized water and artificial saliva at various pH levels for 168 h. Fluoride release was measured using a fluoride-selective electrode, while structural and morphological properties were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Under most of the tested conditions, the modified materials exhibited higher fluoride release than the unmodified compomer, with the greatest increase typically observed at higher additive concentrations. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline phases of Ag0 and CuO while maintaining the amorphous nature of the compomer matrix. SEM observations revealed better particle dispersion at lower additive concentrations and increased agglomeration at a 0.5% content. Conclusions: These results indicate that the incorporation of nAg0 and CuO particles may enhance the fluoride-releasing potential of compomer materials; however, further studies are necessary to evaluate their mechanical, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and aesthetic properties prior to clinical application.