Phase Factor Expression for Dual‐Deflection Vortex Beams and Verification Through Rubik's Metamaterial

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces quantum photonic factors ( e ⁻ ʲᵠ) and combines the generalized Snell's law with orbital angular momentum of vortex waves to derive comprehensive equations describing multi‐path deflection of vortex waves. To validate the theoretical framework, the paper designs high‐performance Rubik metamaterials operating in the Ku‐band. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed equations accurately characterize the relationships between incident beams, vortex generation, and beam deflection processes.