Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: A Review of Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have emerged as a transformative photovoltaic technology, offering a viable pathway to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction devices by enabling broader solar spectrum utilization and reduced thermalization losses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in perovskite-based TSCs, covering four major device architectures: perovskite/silicon, perovskite/CIGS, all-perovskite, and perovskite/organic TSCs. We systematically discuss the fundamental working principles, including bandgap engineering, charge generation and separation, and current-voltage matching, followed by an in-depth analysis of strategies for perovskite layer regulation, interface engineering, and transport-layer optimization. Key advancements, such as compositional engineering, defect passivation, crystallization control, and optical management, have synergistically pushed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond 34% for perovskite/silicon TSCs and over 28% for all-perovskite and perovskite/organic configurations. Despite these achievements, critical challenges remain, including material instability, halide phase segregation, lead toxicity, scalable fabrication, and cost-effective integration. This review also outlines future perspectives, emphasizing the development of lead-free perovskites, novel charge-transport materials, advanced encapsulation techniques, and large-area manufacturing processes. With continued interdisciplinary efforts, perovskite TSCs hold great promise for driving the global transition toward sustainable and low-carbon energy systems.