Perovskite Photodetectors at the Intelligence Frontier: From Tunable Materials to Adaptive Optoelectronic Systems
Chenglong Li, Wei Qu, Deepak Kumar, Naini Jain, Nur Wardina Syahirah binti Mohamad Fadil, Nur Najiha binti Ahmad Rasid, Emannuel Kymakis, Maria Vasilopoulou, Chunxiong Bao, Feng Gao, Peng Gao, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff, Haotong WeiABSTRACT
The rapid evolution of perovskite photodetectors is transforming the field of photon detection, positioning these materials at the forefront of next‐generation optoelectronic and photonic technologies. Leveraging their exceptional bandgap tunability, high carrier mobility, and strong light–matter interaction, perovskite systems are enabling multifunctional photodetectors capable of adaptive sensing, real‐time signal processing, and intelligent, context‐aware operation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent breakthroughs that have propelled perovskite photodetectors from early laboratory demonstrations to advanced platforms suitable for high‐performance imaging, ultrafast optical communication, and emerging neuromorphic and autonomous systems. Particular attention is devoted to material innovations that mitigate persistent challenges in operational and environmental stability, as well as to novel device architectures engineered for integrated functionalities such as spectral discrimination, polarization sensitivity, and on‐chip data processing. We also outline the technological roadmap for translating these innovations into scalable, manufacturable devices. Finally, we critically examine the remaining hurdles‐long‐term reliability, large‐area fabrication, lead toxicity, and the seamless integration of memory, logic, and learning capabilities—and discuss strategic directions for realizing intelligent, robust, and sustainable perovskite photodetectors as cornerstone components of future optoelectronic infrastructures.