Performance analysis of a solar PV and battery based bipolar microgrid system

This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of a solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery-based bipolar microgrid system under various conditions. The system is designed to enhance reliability, efficiency, and power quality in modern energy networks. The proposed system consists of a PV system with a boost converter, a battery system with a bidirectional DC–DC converter, and a three phase neutral point clamped inverter. The system was modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software to evaluate the system under multiple operating scenarios: (i) constant solar irradiance with varying load conditions, (ii) varying solar irradiance with varying load, and (iii) varying solar irradiance under constant load conditions. A dual loop proportional-integral controller-based strategy was implemented to regulate the converters, maintaining DC-link voltage and grid frequency. The simulation results show that the system demonstrates effective adaptation to sudden changes in various conditions, maintaining power quality. The results show that the proposed bipolar microgrid architecture helps to coordinate the system to maintain stable DC-link voltage and achieve balanced power distribution, and ensure smooth battery charging and discharging under dynamic operating conditions.