Patients’ Perspective of Medication Safety in a Structurally Burdened Healthcare System: A Netnography-Based Qualitative Analysis

Background/Objectives: Medication-related harm is a leading global patient safety challenge, yet patients’ lived experiences of medication safety remain underexplored in Central and Eastern European healthcare systems, where structural constraints significantly shape everyday medication use. Methods: This study provides an in-depth qualitative analysis of Hungarian patients’ online narratives, building on a prior netnographic mixed-methods study. Using grounded theory-informed principles and a patient-centred medication safety framework, we inductively analysed 5174 publicly accessible Hungarian-language comments posted on health forums and social media platforms between August 2020 and August 2023. The COM-B model was applied as a secondary lens to map findings onto modifiable behavioural determinants. Results: Access to services and communication emerged as the dominant medication safety concerns. Patients reported long waiting times, limited rural emergency services, and brief consultations leading to delayed or inadequate treatment. Communication gaps included insufficient information on medication duration, side effects, and follow-up, as well as conflicting advice from multiple sources, all of which eroded trust and prompted treatment discontinuation or reliance on informal online communities. Community pharmacists were largely absent from patients’ mental models of care, representing a significant missed opportunity given their accessibility. Less frequently mentioned were medication shortages, healthcare professional workload, and systemic safety culture. Conclusions: Clear, respectful communication and timely access to care are central to medication safety from the patient perspective. Netnography combined with a grounded theory-informed methodology offers a valuable approach for capturing authentic patient perspectives in structurally burdened healthcare systems, with findings relevant beyond the Hungarian context.