Pathogenesis and Sustainable Management of Pseudomonas syringae : Emerging Roles of Microbial Consortia and Responsive Nanomaterials

Abstract

Pseudomonas syringae remains a globally devastating phytopathogen threatening over 500 species. This review delineates the biochemical coevolution between P. syringae and hosts, focusing on Type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors and phytotoxins (e.g., coronatine) that enzymatically reprogram plant hormone signaling. To circumvent the limitations of traditional bactericides, we propose integrated green strategies. In biocontrol, we advocate for rationally engineered Synthetic Microbial Consortia (SynComs) and the biochemical quenching of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) to disrupt quorum-sensing-dependent virulence. Simultaneously, we highlight the emerging role of responsive nanomaterials, particularly catalytic nanozymes that modulate localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pH-triggered nanocarriers, for precision delivery. By bridging the “pathogen–microbiota–environment” interactome, we emphasize how these chemical–biological synergies enhance ecosystem resilience and provide a sustainable framework for precise crop protection.