PARTICULAR FEATURES OF THE DIAGNOSTICS AND STAGING OF DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL VARIANTS OF THE COLON CANCER ACCORDING TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (review of literature and the author’s clinical observations)

Pathomorphological characteristics of the colon cancer and staging of the tumor process conducted on a basis of clinic and instrumental examinations of the patients are among the main criteria for selection of the optimal treatment schemes. The magnetic resonance imaging is a radiological method of selection for initial diagnosis of the colon cancer and dynamic control of the efficiency of its treatment. According to the results of meta-analysis, sensitivity and specificity of the magnetic resonance imaging in the elucidation of neoplastic processes of the rectum and anal canal, in the assessment of the lesions of regional lymph nodes are 73.0% (95.0% confidence interval 68-77) and 74.0% (95.0% confidence interval 68-80) respectively. In the staging of the colon cancer according to the TNM system the magnetic resonance imaging showed sensitivity 69.0-84.0%, specificity – 59.0-81.0% (Z. Zhuang. et al. [2021], Y. Zheng et al. [2024]). It allows assessing of localization, form, dimensions of the tumor and prevalence of the process (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 8th ed., 2017). In addition, magnetic resonance imaging allows detailed analyses of the tumor structure which is not included in the TNM assessment system, but is also important for determining hystotype of the colon cancer by comparison with the data obtained in the course of histological study of the biopsy material. The magnetic resonance semiotics of the colon cancer requires analysis and systematization in order to use algorithmic approach to the documentation of the study results. The purpose of the article was to precise specific features of the staging and identify the most typical signs of magnetic resonance for different hystotypes of the colon cancer.