Parametric Analysis of Offshore Wind Farm Layout Geometry Using a Jensen Wake Model for 15 MW Turbine Systems

This study investigates how offshore wind farm layout geometry influences farm-level performance using a computationally efficient Jensen–Park wake model combined with directionally resolved Weibull wind-speed statistics. A fixed-capacity 1.8 GW case study, consisting of 120 V236-15.0 MW turbines, is used to examine the effects of grid aspect ratio, inter-turbine spacing, cumulative row skew, and global layout rotation on wake losses, annual energy production (AEP), and capacity factor under representative offshore screening assumptions. Structured layouts with identical turbine count and installed capacity are compared with a regular baseline grid to isolate geometric effects within a consistent modelling framework. For the nominal offshore Jensen wake-expansion coefficient, k = 0.04, the highest sampled AEP is obtained for the 5 × 24 configuration, which produces 8930.69 GWh yr−1 and a capacity factor of 56.64%. The regular baseline produces 7397.50 GWh yr−1 and a capacity factor of 46.91%, corresponding to a 20.73% AEP increase for the highest sampled layout. However, the performance differences among Layouts D–F are small, indicating a high-performing layout plateau rather than a clearly separated optimum. The contribution of this paper is therefore not a new wake model, optimisation algorithm, or general offshore design rule. Instead, this study provides an auditable screening workflow that documents modelling assumptions, parameter bounds, coordinate transformations, convergence checks, sensitivity analyses, and spatial-efficiency indicators for one turbine model, one turbine count, one synthetic wind rose, and a limited set of structured row–column layouts.