P-445: Factors associated with eye diseases in 154 children with type 1 diabetes followed at the diabetes clinic of the Treichville university hospital in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Introduction

Eye damage is a particularly feared complication in type 1 diabetics. It generally appears after 5 years of disease progression and can lead to blindness if not detected early.

Objectives

The objective was to screen for eye diseases and associated factors in 154 children with type 1 diabetes followed as part of the CDIC project in order to prevent serious complications.

Methods

This was a prospective, descriptive study conducted at the Diabetology Clinic of the Treichville University Hospital from October 2024 to March 2025, which included 154 patients with type 1 diabetes. The parameters collected were the general characteristics of the population, the duration of diabetes, and the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. In ophthalmology, the data included fundus examinations and other ophthalmological examinations to screen for ocular diseases.

Results

The mean age was 12.17 years ± 5.12, with a female-to-male ratio of 0.68. Ocular diseases were present in 46.30% of cases, of which 42.59% were diabetic retinopathy and 3.71% were cataracts. Among the diabetic retinopathy cases, 26% occurred within 5 years of diabetes, 43.47% between 5 and 10 years, and 30.40% after 10 years of diabetes.

Regarding glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, 73.94% of patients with diabetic retinopathy had an HbA1c greater than 9.5%.

Conclusions

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common eye disease in our cohort, and it is associated with the duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control.