P-112: Cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
U Patni, D Harit, S Khalil, N Raizada, V Rathi, P K JhaAbstract
Introduction
The incidence of T1D is rising in children all over the world. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, is often elevated in these patients. We compared CIMT and related metabolic and anthropometric parameters in Indian children with T1D versus healthy controls.
Objectives
To compare carotid intima media thickness in children and adolescents with T1D and in controls.
Methods
30 cases, aged 7-18 yrs (>3 years of diabetes duration), and 30 age and gender-matched controls were enrolled. Anthropometry, BP, HbA1c, lipid profile, serum transaminases, serum uric acid, hsCRP, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), UACR, eGFR, % body fat, flow mediated dilation (FMD) and CIMT were performed.
Results
The mean age of participants was 12.13 years, and 63% (n=19) were girls, with a mean duration since diagnosis of 5.7 years. Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR were comparable in both groups. Cases had significantly higher % body fat, TG, AST, ALT, hsCRP, HbA1c, and UACR. Hyperfiltration was seen in both the groups. Mean CIMT was significantly higher in cases (0.41 vs 0.35 mm, p<0.001); 26.7% (n=8) cases had abnormal CIMT (>90th centile). Brachial artery basal diameter was comparable, but the FMD was significantly lower in cases (11.35 vs 18.32%, p<0.001). CIMT correlated positively with age, HbA1c, NLR and DBP and negatively with FMD. There was a significant association of CIMT with age and HbA1c.
Conclusions
Every 1 in 4 children with T1D had increased CIMT as compared to none in controls. Children and adolescents with T1D have increased cardiometabolic risk and endothelial dysfunction, evidenced by higher CIMT and lower FMD, indicating early vascular changes and greater risk for future cardiometabolic disease.