Oxidative Stability and Quality Deterioration of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Oil Under Accelerated Storage Conditions

Prior studies on Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) rarely systematically explored its storage oxidative deterioration mechanism via multi-marker combined characterization. This study innovatively integrated the Schaal oven accelerated storage test and dual-NMR detection (LF-NMR and 1H NMR) to evaluate the oxidative stability of GLSO over 60 d. Dynamic changes in routine oxidation indices, glycerol core aldehydes (GCAs), phytosterols and their triterpenoid biosynthetic precursors, fatty acids and volatile compounds were synchronously tracked. Results revealed complex fluctuating accumulation of primary and secondary oxidation products; non-volatile GCAs exhibited continuous monotonic growth and acted as reliable markers for severe GLSO oxidation. Unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols and their triterpenoid biosynthetic precursors degraded in a structure-dependent pattern, with phytosterols and their triterpenoid biosynthetic precursors degradation sensitivity ranked as squalene > lanosterol > β-sitosterol. Correlation analysis clarified the intrinsic linkage between fatty acid substrates and oxidation derivatives. This work innovatively reveals the complete lipid oxidation pathway of GLSO, offering novel theoretical references and multi-index evaluation strategies for quality control and preservation of high-grade GLSO products.