DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.183839.1 ISSN: 2046-1402

Organizational Behavior Determinants of Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Citizenship Behavior In Indonesian Local Governments

Usman Usman, Sukisno Selamet Riadi, Ariesta Heksarini, Sugeng Hariyadi, Rizky Yudaruddin
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Abstract* Background Employee performance in local government institutions is influenced by organizational conditions that encourage employees to engage in behaviors beyond formal job requirements. Although organizational commitment (OCM), organizational culture (OCU), and organizational climate (OCL) are recognized as important antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and employee performance, evidence integrating these factors within a single framework remains limited in public-sector organizations. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of OCM, OCU, and OCL on employee performance through OCB among local government employees in Indonesia. Methods Data were collected from 240 civil servants employed by the Kutai Kartanegara Regency Government, Indonesia. OCM, OCU, OCL, OCB, and employee performance were measured using established indicators from prior studies. The proposed relationships were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), with reliability, validity, and mediation assessments conducted through bootstrapping procedures. Results The findings indicate that OCM, OCU, and OCL significantly enhance OCB. OCL also has a significant positive effect on employee performance, whereas OCM and OCU do not directly influence performance. OCB significantly improves employee performance and mediates the relationships between OCM and employee performance as well as between OCL and employee performance. However, OCB does not mediate the relationship between OCU and employee performance. The model explains a substantial proportion of the variance in OCB and employee performance. Conclusions OCB serves as an important mechanism through which organizational commitment and organizational climate enhance employee performance. Organizational climate contributes both directly and indirectly to performance, while organizational commitment and organizational culture primarily influence performance through OCB. Recommendations Local governments should strengthen organizational commitment, cultivate supportive organizational cultures and climates, and encourage employee participation to foster OCB and improve performance outcomes.

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