Optimization‐Driven Design of a Compact 8‐Port MIMO Antenna for Sub‐6 GHz and mmWave 5G Communications
P. Monisha, D. Jasmine David, J. John PaulABSTRACT
High‐speed development of the 5G communication requires small multi‐band antenna designs that provide high data rates and quality transmission over wide frequency bands. Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) technology plays a crucial role in enhancing spectral efficiency and channel capacity in such environments. The design of small 8‐port antennas that operate in X‐band, Sub‐6 GHz, and mmWave applications presents the complications of mutual coupling, impedance matching, and efficiency loss. Thus, this research suggests an optimization‐based design of a small 8‐port MIMO antenna in Sub‐6 GHz and mmWave 5G communications that aims at the development of a tri‐band antenna, based on FR4 substrate. A Hybrid Jumping Spider‐Goat Optimization Algorithm systematically tunes geometric parameters to achieve optimal impedance matching, isolation, and radiation performance within a compact mm 3 structure. Results indicate that the reflection coefficient is less than −15 dB, the Envelop Correlation Coefficient is less than 0.02, and isolation is less than −18 dB, which indicates high diversity behavior. The antenna has had a peak gain of 9.8 dBi, radiation efficiency of 96.6, diversity gain of about 10 dB, and Total Active Reflection Coefficient of less than −10 dB with Channel Capacity Loss of less than 0.4 bits/s/Hz, which confirms stable capability in multi‐band operation.