Optimal Scheduling of Microgrids Considering Hydrogen Energy Storage and Building Thermal Inertia

Against the backdrop of accelerating transitions to sustainable energy systems, the optimal operation of microgrids and the high-efficiency integration of renewable energy face growing technical challenges, which highlight the necessity of tapping into flexible multi-energy resources to the fullest extent. Aiming at low-carbon microgrid systems with electro-thermal demands, this paper proposes a sustainable dispatch strategy that actively integrates waste heat recovery and building thermal inertia. First, a refined mathematical model of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is developed, considering waste heat recovery processes from the electrolyzer and the fuel cell. Second, an optimal dispatch model considering the HESS and building thermal inertia (BTI) is constructed, the PMV index is adopted to quantify the adjustable margin of user thermal demand, and the objective function accounts for multiple economic and environmental indices, including energy procurement costs, equipment maintenance costs, and carbon emission trading costs. Case studies show that this strategy can effectively enhance the regulation flexibility of the system, significantly reducing comprehensive operational costs by up to 51.6% and improving local renewable energy accommodation while ensuring environmental sustainability and low-carbon operation.