One-pot solution plasma synthesis of tungsten carbide core–shell nanoparticles for efficient conversion of cellulose to lactic acid

WC _{1− x} /carbon core–shell nanoparticles were synthesized via a one-pot solution plasma process in benzene. These catalysts facilitate the hydrothermal conversion of cellulose into lactic acid with a maximum yield of 14.0%, offering a green route for biomass valorization.