One Health – From Concept to Actions

Abstract

The One Health concept is an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that recognises the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health. Initially, it focused on zoonotic infections, but has since evolved into a comprehensive framework addressing global health challenges, including antimicrobial resistance, emerging infectious diseases, food safety, climate change, and environmental degradation.

This article reviews the historical development of One Health as a concept, from its early foundations to its recognition as an international strategy supported by major global organisations. Particular attention is given to six priority areas: laboratory diagnostics and surveillance, zoonotic disease control, neglected tropical diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and environmental health. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, integrated surveillance systems, and coordinated preventive strategies is emphasised.

Recent international and European initiatives are discussed, highlighting efforts to translate One Health principles into practical actions. Developments in Latvia are also presented as examples of emerging interdisciplinary cooperation.

Successful implementation of One Health requires coordinated policies, multidisciplinary research, sustainable funding, and active collaboration across sectors. Addressing increasingly interconnected health threats requires a comprehensive approach guided by the principle of thinking globally and acting locally.