On the synergetic use of Ariel and JWST for exoplanet atmospheric science

Abstract

This paper explores the potential for strategic synergies between the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Ariel Space Telescope, two flagship observatories poised to revolutionise the study of exoplanet atmospheres. Both telescopes have the potential to address common fundamental questions about exoplanets—especially concerning their nature and origins—and serve a growing scientific community. With their operations now anticipated to overlap from 2031, there is a unique opportunity to enhance the scientific outputs of both observatories through coordinated efforts. In this report, authored by the Ariel-JWST Synergy Working Group, part of the Ariel Consortium Science Team, we summarise the capabilities of both telescopes; we highlight their key differences, similarities, synergies, and distinctive strengths. Ariel is designed to conduct a broad survey of exoplanet atmospheres but remains highly flexible, allowing the mission to integrate insights from JWST’s discoveries. Findings from JWST, including data from initiatives shaped by NASA’s decadal survey priorities and community-driven research themes, will inform the development of Ariel’s survey strategy. Conversely, Ariel’s broad-wavelength coverage for bright targets provides complementary avenues for exoplanet researchers, particularly those interested in time-domain observations and large-scale atmospheric studies. We identify key pathways for fostering JWST-Ariel synergies, many of which can be initiated even before Ariel’s launch. Leveraging their complementary designs and scopes, JWST and Ariel can jointly address fundamental questions about the nature, formation, and evolution of exoplanets. Such collaboration has the potential to maximise the scientific returns of both observatories and lay the foundation for future facilities in the roadmap to exoplanet exploration.