Occurrence of iron deficiency anaemia in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in a tertiary care hospital
Spandan Chowdhury, Bikas Chandra Seth, Jugal Kishore Kar, Anik DasAbstract:
BACKGROUND:
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the prevalence of IDA in HFrEF patients and evaluate its association with clinical and echocardiographic parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with HFrEF. Demographic, socioeconomic, and educational details were recorded. Hematological indices, iron studies, and echocardiographic parameters were assessed. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests for categorical variables.
RESULTS:
The mean age was 62.16 ± 13.01 years; 56% were male. Socioeconomically, 39% belonged to the lower middle class. Overall, 61% had IDA. The mean hemoglobin was 9.29 ± 1.94 g/dL, RBC count 3.66 ± 0.79 million/μL, MCV 70.43 ± 4.95 fL, MCH 23.21 ± 3.02 pg, and MCHC 31.29 ± 1.13 g/dL. Mean ferritin was 53.24 ± 35.25 μg/L and transferrin saturation (TSAT) 14.99 ± 5.35%. Echocardiography showed mean LVEF 32.54 ± 6.52%, LVIDD 54.37 ± 15.04 mm, and PASP 35.35 ± 8.25 mmHg. Lower TSAT strongly correlated with IDA (
CONCLUSION:
Iron deficiency anemia was present in 61% of HFrEF patients. Lower TSAT and reduced serum iron levels were significantly linked with anemia and ventricular enlargement. Early screening for IDA in HFrEF may aid in better risk stratification and management.