Occupational Radiation Safety in Interventional Radiology: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Protection Practices, Training Gaps, and Health Outcomes in Iran
Shahram Akhlaghpoor, Rambod Salouti, Bahman RasuliAbstract
Background:
Interventional radiology (IR) personnel face chronic exposure to ionizing radiation, creating potential long-term health risks. This study evaluates radiation protection practices, dosimetry use, awareness, and occupational health outcomes among IR professionals in Iran.
Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey was distributed nationwide to IR practitioners. The questionnaire assessed personal protective equipment (PPE) use, shielding availability, dosimetry practices, training adequacy, occupational health issues, and pregnancy accommodations.
Results:
Forty-five IR professionals participated (41 males, 4 females). Most were fellows (37/45; 82.2%), and the remainder were consultants (8/45; 17.8%). Use of thyroid shields (43/44; 97.7%) and skirt-and-vest aprons (29/44; 66.7%) was high, whereas lead glasses (22/44; 50%) and head protection (4/44; 9.1%) were underutilized. Chest dosimeters were used by 36/38 respondents (94.7%). Musculoskeletal symptoms were the most commonly reported health issue (21/44; 47.7%). More than half of respondents (26/45; 57.8%) felt inadequately protected, and almost half (22/45; 48.9%) reported no formal radiation safety training. Annual radiation exposure exceeded 20 mSv in 5/45 participants (11.1%), and most respondents (26/45; 57.8%) were unaware of their exposure levels.
Conclusion:
Significant deficiencies exist in advanced PPE use, radiation safety training, exposure monitoring, and pregnancy accommodations. Structured radiation safety programs and improved institutional support are essential to enhance occupational safety in IR.