Occupational Noise Exposure and Hearing Outcomes in Musicians

Occupational exposure to noise represents a significant health risk for musicians across all stages of their careers. Repeated exposure to elevated sound levels places musicians at increased risk for noise-induced hearing loss and other hearing-related complaints. This review synthesizes the existing literature regarding noise-related hearing loss in musicians in order to examine occupational noise exposure, hearing-related outcomes, perceptions and use of hearing protection devices, and education and support for musicians. Available evidence demonstrates that musicians are routinely exposed to sound levels meeting or exceeding established occupational health standards, with variability in exposure based on instrument type and location within the ensemble. These exposures put musicians at risk of auditory harm, as represented by higher rates of hearing loss and hearing-related complaints. Despite awareness of these risks in some cohorts, use of hearing protection remains low and is influenced by concerns regarding performance quality, comfort, and perceived necessity. Educational initiatives have shown promise in increasing knowledge on auditory health; however, knowledge gaps persist. Regulatory standards of noise exposure are only applied to professional musicians and are not based on the unique exposure patterns experienced by musicians. Musicians represent a high-risk group for noise-induced hearing loss, and expanded education, improved occupational exposure guidelines, and widespread implementation of preventative strategies are needed to better protect their auditory health.