Obesity-associated mortality in myocardial disease: a nationwide trend analysis using CDC WONDER (1999–2020)
S Waqas, M Ismail, K Arshad, M Alrayyashi, L Gunaseelan, W Abid, H Abu DayaAbstract
Background
Obesity is a well known major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, its effect on worsening hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance leads to further increase in mortality. Despite medical advances, the toll of obesity on CV disease remains deeply concerning. This study uses national CDC WONDER data from 1999 to 2020 to explore how obesity related CV deaths have changed over time, and to find related demographic disparities.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine national trends in obesity-associated cardiomyopathy mortality from 1999 to 2020 and to identify demographic and geographic disparities in mortality rates. The findings aim to inform targeted public health strategies to reduce obesity-related cardiovascular deaths.
Method
Using CDC WONDER data, we calculated AAMR per 1,000,000 for individuals aged 25 to 84 and 85+ who died from cardiomyopathy with obesity. Patient were identified by using ICD 10 codes for cardiomyopathies (I25.5, I42.0-I42.9) and obesity (E65-E68). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to estimate APC and AAPC from 1999 to 2020.
Results
From 1999 to 2020, the AAMR for obesity associated cardiomyopathy increased from 5.05 to 6.43 in 2004, fluctuated, then peaked at 10.76 in 2020 with AAPC 3.5 (95% CI: 3.2 to 3.8). 34,032 deaths were recorded in total. Men had higher AAMRs (9.55) than women (5.4) with AAPC in Men was 4.2 (95% CI: 3.8 to 4.8) and in women was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6 to 2.6). Racial disparities were evident, with NH Black having the highest AAMR (12.7), followed by American Indian/Alaska Natives (12.16), NH White (7.09), Hispanic (5.02), and NH Asian/Pacific Islanders (2.41). Mortality was higher in rural areas (8.01) vs. urban areas (7.27). California had the most deaths i.e 5,592 with AAMR 10.52.
Conclusion
Obesity-associated myocardial disease mortality nearly doubled from 1999 to 2020, peaking in 2020. Males, NH Black individuals, and rural populations had the highest AAMRs. California recorded the most deaths. This study highlights the need for specific public health strategies to address obesity related cardiovascular risks and reduce related mortality.Image 1Image 2