Oat productivity in the middle taiga subzone and arctic zone of Yakutia

The studies were conducted in the agro-climatic conditions of the Middle taiga subzone with permafrost-chernozem-saline soil and in Verkhoyansk ulus with permafrost-pale-humus soils (Arctic zone). The experiments were conducted according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Feed. The years of research in 2020-2021 were marked by arid periods, the GTC of the June-August growing season ranged from 0.51 - 0.95. The yield of the new oat variety ‘Vilensky’ in the Arctic zone was 10.5 t/ha. In terms of oat productivity, 1.87 thousand feed units per hectare were obtained, 0.49 tons of digestible protein were produced, and the energy value is 26.31 GJ/ha. In the middle taiga subzone, under rain‑fed conditions, the yield of green mass of the Pokrovsky 9 oat variety was 9.7 t/ha, with 1.79 thousand feed units, 0.37 t/ha of digestible protein, and an energy value of 24.79 GJ/ha. With irrigation, the Pokrovsky 9 oat variety yields up to 12.2 t/ha of green mass, with its productivity increasing by 30-35 % and the nutritional value of the green mass increasing by 20-30 %. The share of oats in the structure of sown areas for forage crops should be above 40%, as it is the crop that makes the most effective use of the region’s natural and climatic conditions. The results of field studies show that in the Middle Taiga subzone of Yakutia, oats for grain can be sown from the third decade of May to the first decade of June inclusive, in three periods with a 10 day interval. A beneficial effect of natural conditions on the second and third sowing and harvesting periods for oats for grain has been established. The oat grain yield ranged from 2.60 to 3.09 t/ha. The highest grain yield was observed in the third period, at 3.09 t/ha. When fertilizers were applied, the third period provided the greatest increase of 0.14 t/ha. In the Arctic zone, due to the late thawing of the soil, sowing for green oat mass is carried out in the first and second ten day periods of June.