Numerical Assessment of Energy Performance of an Existing Building Interacting with Electric Mobility: A Case Study in Lisbon, Portugal

In the context of the global transition toward sustainability and energy efficiency, the retrofitting of existing service buildings has become a strategic priority. With the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adapting these buildings is essential to achieving low-carbon urban environments. This paper presents a numerical tool developed to simulate the energy performance of a service building and to evaluate the impact of multiple energy efficiency measures on energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The assessed measures include the installation of photovoltaic panels on roofs and facades, optimization of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems through temperature set-point adjustments, improvements to the building envelope and integration of electric mobility infrastructure. The analysis focuses on an existing building in Lisbon, Portugal, considering both individual and combined effects of these strategies. The results indicate that combined implementation of all measures, including EV integration, can reduce energy demand and CO2 emissions by up to approximately 50%. However, regulatory uncertainty regarding EV accounting remains a challenge, highlighting the need for clearer policies to support sustainable urban transformation.