Nuclear Island Cable Routing Optimization Based on an Improved A* Algorithm

The development of clean and sustainable energy has become a global focus, with nuclear energy playing an important role in low-carbon energy systems. To address the complex cable routing problem in nuclear island environments, this study proposes a three-dimensional cable routing optimization framework based on an improved A* algorithm. The proposed method incorporates multiple engineering-related constraints, including cable type, protection level, turning angle, and construction standards, while optimizing routing paths in constrained spatial environments. A simplified spatial expansion strategy is adopted to approximate routing safety margins while maintaining computational efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces the number of bends and shortens routing paths under predefined engineering constraints, thereby improving routing efficiency and reducing installation costs. The proposed framework provides a preliminary engineering-oriented routing optimization approach and preserves extensibility for future integration of thermal dissipation and electromagnetic compatibility constraints.