NSQIP Outcomes for Open and Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy for Malignancy
Frank G. Lee, Kristine T. Hanson, Ashton E. Cross, Elizabeth B. Habermann, Cornelius A. Thiels, Travis E. GrotzABSTRACT
Background
ACS‐NSQIP began capturing operative approach in 2022. With increased adoption of minimally invasive (MIS) techniques for malignancy, a contemporary review of benchmark outcomes for open, laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy is warranted.
Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults in ACS‐NSQIP (2022–2024) undergoing partial or total gastrectomy (CPT 43631‐4 and 43620‐2) for cancer. Outcomes included operative time, length of stay (LOS), unplanned conversion‐to‐open, and 30‐day morbidity, mortality, and readmission. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated patient and operative factors associated with morbidity.
Results
Among 1,459 patients (median age 66, 60.4% male), 66.8% underwent partial gastrectomy and 33.2% total gastrectomy. Approaches were 61.2% open, 19.5% laparoscopic, and 19.3% robotic. Thirty‐day mortality (1.8%), major complications (18.2%), and readmissions (10.3%) did not differ by approach. Unplanned conversion‐to‐open occurred in 14.0% of MIS. Robotic had longer median operative time of +1.2 and +1.7 h than laparoscopic and open and median −1 and −2 days shorter LOS respectively ( p < 0.001). Hypoalbuminemia (OR 3.10), CKD ≥ 3 (OR 1.75), and anemia (OR 1.48) were independently associated with major complications ( p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Operative approach influences operative time and LOS but not short‐term morbidity and mortality. The newly available ACS‐NSQIP operative approach variable enables approach‐specific benchmarks for cancer‐related gastrectomy.