Normative scales and model characteristics of physical fitness of taekwondo athletes of different sports qualification, characterizing speed and strength abilities

The modern competition regulations in taekwondo place high demands on speed and strength abilities, which are a key factor in the success of competitive activity. An analysis of scientific and methodological literature and regulatory documents indicates that previously existing normative scales and model characteristics did not fully reflect the specifics of taekwondo. The purpose of the study is to develop normative scales and model characteristics of physical fitness of taekwondo athletes of different sports qualifications, characterizing speed and strength abilities. Research methods and organization. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature and regulatory documents, as well as mathematical statistics methods, were used. For the assessment of speed and strength abilities, the following were applied: isokinetic dynamometry at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 300 deg/s (assessment of maximum strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance), jump tests using the Optojump optical system (countermovement jump CMJ and squat jump SJ), and standing long jump. The study involved athletes (males and females) of qualifications from Candidate for Master of Sports to Honored Master of Sports, specializing in WTF and ITF taekwondo. Research results and conclusions. It was established that the indicators of males are statistically significantly higher than those of females in all qualification groups. In males, the dynamics of isokinetic indicators is nonlinear (an increase in indicators from the Candidate for Master of Sports to Master of Sports qualification group is observed). A linear increase in the peak torque indicators of the knee extensor muscles in females was revealed in the speed mode of 60 deg/s, while in the speed mode of 300 deg/s, a significant increase in peak torque indicators of the knee flexor muscles was found in highly qualified female athletes. The results of jump tests demonstrate a linear increase with increasing qualification in both sexes. The developed normative scales and model characteristics can be used by coaches for objective monitoring of speed and strength fitness, individualization of the training process, and selection of promising athletes at various stages of long‑term training of taekwondo athletes.