Normal Tail Suppression for Low-False-Positive RGB–3D Industrial Anomaly Localization
Guiping Zhu, Zhenyan Ji, Zhentao Wu, Jiuqian Dai, Wenhui Chen, Hui LiuRGB images and 3D point clouds provide complementary appearance and geometric cues for industrial anomaly localization, yet a small number of high-scoring normal regions can still produce spurious defect candidates under stringent false-positive constraints. We propose Normal Tail Suppression (NTS), a training-stage regularizer that selectively penalizes the upper tail of normal fused scores while leaving the deployed inference architecture unchanged. By concentrating optimization on the normal responses most relevant to low-false-positive-rate (FPR) operation, NTS avoids uniformly shrinking the normal-score distribution. On MVTec 3D Anomaly Detection (MVTec 3D-AD), NTS improves mean AUPRO@1% by +0.352 percentage points over the matched control and maintains a positive mean trend across five paired seeds. Sensitivity, control-ablation, threshold-resolution, and score-distribution analyses support the intended tail-focused behavior, while a protocol-frozen second fusion configuration provides further positive evidence. These results establish NTS as a simple, deployment-compatible mechanism for improving low-FPR RGB–3D anomaly localization within the evaluated configurations.