Noise mitigation techniques on wing

Aerodynamic noise generated by lifting surfaces such as wings has become a critical design concern in aerospace and wind energy applications due to increasingly stringent environmental noise regulations and public acceptance requirements. Wing-generated noise primarily originates from turbulent boundary layer interactions, flow separation, vortex shedding, and trailing-edge scattering mechanisms. This review presents a comprehensive overview of noise reduction strategies applied to wings and airfoils, systematically classified into passive and active approaches. Active flow control methods, such as synthetic jet actuators, blowing and suction techniques, plasma actuators, active acoustic control and morphing/adaptive surfaces are also reviewed, with an emphasis on their adaptability and controllability under varying flow conditions. The review critically compares experimental, numerical, and theoretical findings from the literature, identifies current limitations, and outlines future research directions aimed at developing efficient, robust, and application-ready wing noise mitigation technologies.