Needle-free transdermal delivery of lipid based ionic liquid mediated laminarin-loaded solid-in-oil nanodispersion for enhanced antibody response

Abstract

Herein, a lipid-based ionic liquid-mediated laminarin-loaded solid-in-oil nanodispersion was successfully developed. The developed dispersion exhibited favorable biocompatibility in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations and showed significantly enhanced in vitro skin permeability. Notably, transdermal immunization with the nanodispersion elicits ovalbumin-specific antibody responses comparable to those achieved by subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin at an equivalent dose. These findings highlight the potential of laminarin-loaded nanodispersion as a promising platform for noninvasive, needle-free transdermal vaccination.