Near Full-Length Genome Characterization of a Novel Second-Generation HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant Identified in an MSM Individual in Guizhou, China

The cocirculation of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China may facilitate the emergence of genetically complex HIV-1 recombinants. Here, we identified and characterized a novel second-generation HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant, designated GY0192, from a 25-year-old MSM individual in Guiyang, Guizhou Province, southwest China, using near full-length genome (NFLG) analysis. Recombination analyses identified four breakpoints at HXB2 positions 3,125, 5,687, 6,375, and 9,176, generating a distinct five-segment mosaic genome. Subregion phylogenetic analyses showed that the two CRF01_AE-derived fragments clustered with the CRF01_AE cluster 5 lineage, while all three CRF07_BC-derived fragments grouped with CRF07_BC lineages frequently circulating among MSM in China, indicating that both parental components of GY0192 were phylogenetically related to lineages frequently reported among MSM populations in China. The virus was also predicted to be CCR5-tropic, adding epidemiological relevance because CCR5-tropic viruses are commonly involved in transmission and early infection. Together, these findings identify GY0192 as a distinct CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC mosaic and suggest that cocirculating MSM-associated HIV-1 lineages may provide opportunities for interlineage recombination. This case expands the known spectrum of CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinants in Guizhou and underscores the value of NFLG-based surveillance for detecting underrecognized HIV-1 genetic complexity in southwest China.