Natural Compounds in Cervical Cancer Therapy: Integrative Computational, Cellular, and Preclinical Perspectives

Abstract:

Cervical cancer, primarily caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains, remains a significant global health concern. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, have notable limitations and side effects, prompting the search for safer alternatives. Plant-derived phytochemicals have shown promise as natural bioactive compounds in cervical cancer therapy. This review highlights an integrative approach that combines in silico modeling, in vitro assays, and in vivo animal studies to assess the anticancer potential of these compounds. In silico methods, including molecular docking and virtual screening, have been used to identify compounds that target HPV oncoproteins and related cellular pathways. In vitro studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals, such as apigenin, luteolin, berberine, curcumin, and epigallocatechin-3- gallate, inhibit cervical cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, and modulate signaling pathways in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo xenograft models further validated the antitumor efficacy of these compounds. This combined strategy accelerates the development of natural product-based therapies, reduces costs, and enhances translational success. Future research should focus on improving in silico predictive accuracy, employing more physiologically relevant in vitro models, optimizing delivery systems, exploring synergistic combinations, and identifying candidates for clinical trials. Utilizing natural inhibitors can result in safer and more effective therapies to alleviate the global impact of cervical cancer.