Nanoparticle Shape Effects on MHD Cu–Water Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Nonlinear Stretching Sheet

The impact of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Cu–water flow of nanoliquid past a porous nonlinear stretching sheet is examined in this work, studies the combined effects of internal heat generation, radiation, and Joule heating. Through the similarity transformations, the governed nonlinearly partial differential equations (PDE) which are converted into non-dimensional ordinary ones system, then sort out numerically by applying the shooting Bvp4c scheme via MATLAB software. The results show that because of higher resistive forces and energy dissipation, the magnetic parameter and porosity greatly suppress the velocity field while improving the thermal boundary layer. Additionally, a significant increase in the temperature distribution is caused by the Eckert number, radiation parameter, as well as heat source parameter. The study’s main finding is that, because of their greater surface area and improved thermal contact, lamina-shaped nanoparticles perform better at heat transmission than spherical, column, and hexahedral geometries. For lamina-shaped particles under high MHD and thermal impacts, the heat transference rate is quantitatively greatly improved. The results of this study offer valuable information for thermal system optimization in engineering applications, including advanced materials processing, energy systems, and cooling technologies.