Nanoantioxidant: Role in Nutrition & Therapy of Disease

Abstract:

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), though essential for normal physiological functions, leads to oxidative stress and contributes to the onset of various diseases, including cancer, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast, antioxidants protect cells and organelles by neutralizing ROS and free radicals, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. The use of nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy for overcoming the limitations of natural antioxidants, such as their low stability, and offers clear advantages for biomedical applications. Nanoantioxidants can enhance the stability and efficacy of nutrients and preserve them, which are beneficial to human and public health. Their effectiveness in various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, has been demonstrated. Many experimental studies report that nanoantioxidant therapy reduces oxidative stress and biomarkers related to oxidative stress, and that symptoms linked to disease have also decreased. Besides, controlled release, increased stability, and so on have been verified to enhance the efficacy of nutrients. This review discusses oxidative stress and antioxidant/nanoantioxidant systems, explores the relationship between nanoantioxidants and nutrition, and reviews major diseases in which nanoantioxidants have shown therapeutic effects.