Mystery Bug Behind the Curtains Causing Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature

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BSTRACT

Hookworm infection is among the neglected tropical diseases significantly contributing to anemia and undernutrition in humans. Its prevalence is primarily affected by climatic and socioeconomic factors thus, it represent significant burden for public health both in tropical and subtropical countries. In the present case, middle age female presented with generalized weakness, vomiting, and epigastric pain. Diagnosed as a case of iron deficiency anemia, hypoproteinemia and mixed connective tissue disorder. Empirical treatment was given. On routine stool investigation, many eggs of hookworm were seen. Hence, the treatment shifted to antihelminthic drugs, and the patient was recovered. Hence, this study highlights that when the patient presents with very low hemoglobin regardless of gastro-intestinal complaints, before thinking about any blood cancer/leukemia, must rule out the parasitic cause. Routine stool examinations, awareness of subtle clinical signs, and targeted antiparasitic therapy are crucial in managing hookworm infections and preventing complications.