Myoepithelioma of the nasal septum: A case report with radiological and pathological insights

Myoepithelioma is a rare benign salivary gland tumor, accounting for <1% of all salivary gland neoplasms, with only a little over ten cases of nasal cavity or paranasal sinus involvement reported in the English literature. Due to its rarity, lack of specific imaging features, and significant histological overlap with other tumors, the diagnosis poses a challenge for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. We present a case of a 68-year-old male with progressively worsening nasal obstruction over 6 months, ultimately diagnosed with nasal myoepithelioma. Approximately 3 months after endoscopic transnasal tumor resection, the patient showed no signs of recurrence. Low cytological atypia, a low Ki-67 proliferation index, and characteristic immunohistochemical findings support the diagnosis of benign myoepithelioma. This case suggests that myoepithelioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when benign-appearing tumors are observed in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. A multidisciplinary approach integrating imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry is essential for establishing an accurate diagnosis.