Multiple Intramedullary and Skewer Pin Fixation for Complex Humeral and Femoral Fractures in Cats and Small‐Breed Dogs
Yetkin ÖztürkABSTRACT
Objective
To assess clinical and radiographic outcomes of multiple intramedullary and skewer pin fixation in complex humeral and femoral fractures of cats and small‐breed dogs as an alternative fixation strategy in selected clinical cases.
Methods
This retrospective study included 32 client‐owned animals treated between 2015 and 2025 at six private veterinary clinics. Complex fractures with comminution, distal fragment involvement or limited fragment size were stabilised using multiple intramedullary Steinmann pins with optional skewer pins and/or cerclage wires. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for alignment. Healing time and walking outcomes (Grade 1–4) were recorded. Statistical analyses included Chi‐square tests and one‐way ANOVA.
Results
Anatomical alignment was achieved in 26/32 fractures (81%). Mean healing time was 3.3 months. Functional outcome was excellent (Grade 1) in 24/32 cases (75%) and good (Grade 2) in 6/32 cases (19%). One case showed poor function (3%), and outcome was unknown in one case. No statistically significant association was identified between alignment and walking outcome ( p > 0.05). No postoperative infections or non‐unions were observed. Mild implant migration and malalignment occurred in some cases but did not prevent satisfactory functional recovery in most animals.
Conclusion
Multiple intramedullary and skewer pin fixation can provide satisfactory stabilisation and functional recovery in complex humeral and femoral fractures of cats and small‐breed dogs when applied carefully and supported by appropriate postoperative management.