Multimodal Fragmentation of Hidden‐Heavy Scalar Tetraquarks With HF‐NRevo

ABSTRACT

Heavy‐flavor fragmentation provides a quantitative framework for investigating the production of hidden‐heavy tetraquarks at large transverse momentum. A new generation of multimodal fragmentation functions for hidden‐heavy scalar tetraquarks, denoted TQHL2.0 , is introduced within the heavy‐flavor nonrelativistic evolution ( HF‐NRevo ) scheme. Two complementary microscopic production mechanisms, direct and scalar‐diquark fragmentation, are embedded into a common perturbative description together with a replica‐based treatment of perturbative and nonperturbative fragmentation uncertainties. The resulting phenomenology shows that the relative importance of the two fragmentation mechanisms depends strongly on the internal structure of the produced tetraquark, establishing a state‐driven fragmentation paradigm that naturally distinguishes hidden‐charm and hidden‐bottom systems. Rapidity‐differential observables remain sensitive to these microscopic formation mechanisms after perturbative evolution and convolution with proton parton distributions. TQHL2.0 provides a systematically improvable basis for precision studies of exotic‐hadron production at present and future colliders, indicating that the microscopic fragmentation mechanism is itself a state‐dependent property of hidden‐heavy tetraquarks.