Multidimensional Well-Being Among Retired Old Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Yasin M. Yasin, Areej Al-Hamad, Emily Read, Kateryna MeterskyBackground
Retirement well-being is a multidimensional concept shaped by individual, interpersonal, community/service, and policy-related factors.
Aim
This study examined physical, mental, social, spiritual, and financial well-being among retired older adults in New Brunswick and identified factors associated with each dimension.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,903 retired older adults aged 65 years and older in New Brunswick, Canada. Guided by the Socio-Ecological Model, descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and five hierarchical multiple linear regression models were conducted.
Results
Participants reported moderate well-being across all domains, with financial well-being appearing most vulnerable. Bivariate analyses showed associations between well-being dimensions and several sociodemographic, retirement-related, household, service access, and policy/satisfaction factors. In the final regression models, not being married/common-law was associated with higher physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being, while living with a spouse/partner was associated only with higher financial well-being. Other significant predictors varied by domain and included education, service use, perceived policy support, satisfaction with services, employment sector, and retirement duration. Final models explained small proportions of variance.
Conclusion
Retirement well-being is shaped by factors across socio-ecological levels. Findings support integrated age-friendly strategies addressing health, social connection, housing, services, financial security, and policy support.