Multi-Time Scale Collaborative Clearing Model of Centralized Control Resources Based on Willingness Feasible Region

With increasing renewable energy penetration and continued electricity market reform, clearing models that consider only physical constraints may overestimate the actual regulation capability of market resources. To address this issue, this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated clearing model based on the willingness feasible region. First, cross-market opportunity costs and conditional value at risk are incorporated into the physical feasible region (PFR) to account for expected returns, uncertainty risks, and risk preferences, thereby establishing a mapping mechanism from the physical feasible region to the willingness feasible region. Second, according to the operating characteristics of different resources, willingness feasible region models are developed for thermal generation, wind power, energy storage, and demand response to describe their power boundaries, inter-temporal coupling, and price-responsive characteristics. Third, the willingness feasible region constraints are embedded into a sequential day-ahead and intraday clearing model, while model predictive control is adopted to achieve rolling updates and coordinated optimization across multiple timescales. Finally, case studies are conducted on an improved IEEE 24-bus system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method captures the heterogeneous response characteristics of different resources, facilitates coordinated regulation among multiple resource types, reduces supply–demand imbalance risk, and enhances system resilience against renewable energy fluctuations and extreme disturbances.