Multi-Dimensional Benchmarking of Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Parabens Determination in Cosmetic Products: Toward Sustainable Analysis

Background/Objectives: Consumer safety is an important consideration in the use of cosmetic and personal care products, particularly because individuals may be exposed to multiple products concurrently, increasing potential exposure to preservatives such as parabens. Reliable analytical methods are therefore essential for monitoring parabens in cosmetic products. In line with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), analytical method development and selection should also consider environmental impact, resource consumption, waste generation, and occupational safety. This study aimed to benchmark liquid chromatographic methods for paraben determination in cosmetic products using a multi-metric approach, with emphasis on greenness, practicality, and innovation to support more sustainable analytical method selection. Methods: Sixteen chromatographic methods for the determination of parabens in cosmetic products were selected after screening the retrieved records and evaluated using complementary assessment tools, including the Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index (MoGAPI), Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), and Innovative Method Orange Gradient Index (IMOGI), covering greenness, practical applicability, and analytical innovation, respectively. Results: The selected methods showed MoGAPI scores of 62–74, BAGI scores of 55–80, and IMOGI scores of 10–50, indicating substantial differences across the evaluated dimensions. The methods showed different profiles across greenness, practical applicability, and innovation, with favorable results in one dimension not necessarily corresponding to favorable results in the others. The multi-metric assessment revealed differences and potential trade-offs among these three dimensions that may remain unrecognized when methods are evaluated using a single assessment tool. Conclusions: The benchmarking highlighted the key driving factors influencing the greenness, practical applicability, and innovation profiles of the evaluated methods. The multi-metric assessment provides a broader basis for context-dependent analytical method selection and advancing more sustainable analytical practices, promoting responsible resource use and alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).