Modern Approaches to the Treatment and Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders of the Thyroid Gland

The aim of the study is to summarize modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders of the thyroid gland (IDD). Methods: theoretical review of scientific publications and regulatory documents, statistical analysis of data from the National Integrated Micronutrient and Anthropometry Survey, WHO and IGN international reports, as well as comparative analysis of indicators of iodine sufficiency and the effectiveness of salt iodization programs. Discussion: the results show that due to mandatory salt iodization, Kyrgyzstan has achieved an adequate level of iodine sufficiency among children and adolescents (median urinary iodine concentration – 175 µg/L) and almost complete population coverage with iodized salt (98–99%). However, regional variations in salt quality and insufficient public awareness, especially in rural areas, still persist. The international context highlights the need to integrate salt iodization programs with initiatives aimed at reducing salt consumption and expanding educational measures. Conclusions: the analysis confirms the sustainable effectiveness of the national strategy for eliminating iodine deficiency. Maintaining the achieved results requires systematic quality control of iodized salt, regular monitoring of population iodine status, and continued intersectoral cooperation. The experience of Kyrgyzstan can serve as a model for countries with similar geographical and social conditions.

Keywords: iodine deficiency, salt iodization, prevention, thyroid gland, Kyrgyzstan, statistical analysis, public health.