Mindfulness and Problematic Digital Media Use in Children and Adolescents

Abstract: Background: With the increasing availability of digital media, the prevalence of problematic digital media use (PDMU) has risen, with children and adolescents being particularly affected. Mindfulness is discussed in relation to PDMU as a protective factor and as a key mechanism underlying mindfulness-based interventions (MBI’s). Given the high prevalence rates and the lack of age-specific research, this review provides an overview of studies examining the role of mindfulness and MBI’s in the context of PDMU in children and adolescents. Methods: Systematic literature search in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science). Identified studies were independently screened by two authors. Results: Of the 93 articles identified, 16 studies were included in the review. The findings can be summarized into four main points: (1) mindfulness is negatively associated with PDMU; (2) mindfulness may attenuate the effects of risk factors on PDMU; (3) mindfulness is part of mediation models involving direct and indirect associations with PDMU and other outcomes; and (4) MBI’s show promise for reducing media-related symptoms. Conclusion: Despite the high need for preventive approaches, there is a lack of studies specifically targeting PDMU in children and adolescents. The current evidence on MBI’s is limited but promising. Future research should develop age-appropriate adaptations and systematically evaluate their effectiveness.